Option 1: Entrepreneurship in Russia

Do institutions matter for entrepreneurial development? (IZA 10 pager)
Ruta Aidis
February 2017
https://wol.iza.org/uploads/articles/334/pdfs/do-institutions-matter-for-entrepreneurial-development.pdf?v=1

In post-Soviet countries, well-functioning institutions are needed to foster productive entrepreneurial development and growth


Institutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Russia: A Comparative Perspective
Aidis, Estrin, Mickiewicz
June 2007
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17471/1/17471.pdf

In this paper we use a comparative perspective to explore the ways in which institutions and networks have influenced entrepreneurial development in Russia. We utilize Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data to study the effects of the weak institutional environment in Russia on entrepreneurship, comparing it first with all available GEM country samples and second, in more detail, with Brazil and Poland. Our results suggest that Russia’s institutional environment is important in explaining its relatively low levels of entrepreneurship development, where the latter is measured in terms of both number of startups and of existing business owners. In addition, Russia’s business environment and its consequences for the role of business networks contribute to the relative advantage of entrepreneurial insiders (those already in business) to entrepreneurial outsiders (newcomers) in terms of new business start-ups.

Entrepreneurship in Russia and China: The Impact of Formal Institutional Voids
Sheila M. Puffer, Daniel J. McCarthy, Max Boisot
9 December 2009

Abstract Transition economies are often characterized by underdeveloped formal institutions, often resulting in an unstable environment and creating a void usually filled by informal ones. Entrepreneurs in transition environments thus face more uncertainty and risk than those in more developed economies. This article examines the relationship of institutions and entrepreneurship in Russia and China in the context of institutional theory by analyzing private property as a formal institution, as well as trust and blat/guanxi as informal institutions. This article thus contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship and institutional theory by focusing on these topics in transition economies, and by emphasizing how their relationship differs from that in developed economies. We conclude that full convergence toward entrepreneurs' reliance on formal institutions may not readily occur in countries like Russia and China due to the embeddedness of informal institutions. Instead, such countries and their entrepreneurs may develop unique balances between informal and formal institutions that better fit their circumstances. Implications for the theory and practice of entrepreneurship in such environments are also offered.

Entrepreneurship in Russia and China Compared
Simeon Djankov World Bank
Yingyi Qian University of California Berkeley
Gérard Roland University of California Berkeley
Ekaterina Zhuravskaya CEFIR

Journal of the European Economic Association April-May 2006 4(2–3):352–365
http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.com/zhuravskaya-ekaterina/research/DQRZ_JEEA2006.pdf